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# Technical details

In this section, you can find some of the information that was gathered
during the reverse engineering of the Bedside Lamp 2 hardware.

Table of contents:

* [High level overview](#high-level-overview)
* [ESP32 pinout](#esp32-pinout)
* [Front panel](#front-panel)
* [Original firmware](#original-firmware)


## High level overview

No documentation is complete without some ASCII art schematics.

```
                                    RX/TX/GND for
   12V power supply                 flashing and logs
         |                               |           
         v                               |                 Front panel
 +---------------+                  +---------------+         .---.
 | Power supply  |---- 3.3V -.----->| ESP-WROOM-32D |<- I2C ->| O | -- color
 +---------------+            \     | single core   |         |   |    button
         |                     \    | 4 MB flash    |<- IRQ --| | |
        12V                     \   +---------------+         | | |
         |                       `-------|------------------->| | | -- slider
         v                               |                    | | |
 +---------------+                       |                    | | |
 | RGB and white |<---- RGBW + master ---+                    |   |    power
 | LED circuitry |      PWM    on/off                         | O | -- button
 +---------------+                                            `---`
```

The LED circuitry provides two light modes:

* Colored RGB light;
* Warm to cool white light.

The front panel of the device contains a two touch buttons (power on/off and
color selection) and a touch slider (for setting the brightness level). This
panel is lit when the device is turned on. The light behind the slider will
represent the actual brightness setting of the device.


## ESP32 pinout

In the following image, you can find the pinout as used for the ESP32:

<img src="images/hardware/ESP32_pinout.jpg" width="600">

Here's an overview of all exposed pins of the chip, starting at the GND +
3.3V pins, and going anti-clockwise. The table shows not only the functions
of the pins that are actually in use by the lamp's circuitry, but also the
pins that are not in use and their possible use.

| PIN  | GPIO#  | Function  | Description                    | Possible use |
|------|--------|-----------|--------------------------------|--------------|
| GND  |        | Ground    | Connected to ground            | -            |
| 3.3V |        | Power     | Power supply input             | -            |
| 9    |        | Reset     | Can be pulled to GND to reset  | -            |
| 5    | GPIO36 | -         |                                | IN           |
| 8    | GPIO39 | -         |                                | IN           |
| 10   | GPIO34 | -         |                                | IN           |
| 11   | GPIO35 | -         |                                | IN           |
| 12   | GPIO32 | -         |                                | IN/OUT       |
| 13   | GPIO33 | LEDs      | LEDs, master switch 1          | -            |
| 14   | GPIO25 | ???       | 10k pull up, unknown function  | IN/OUT (1)   |
| 15   | GPIO26 | -         |                                | IN/OUT       |
| 16   | GPIO27 | -         |                                | IN/OUT       |
| 17   | GPIO14 | LEDs      | LEDs, green PWM channel        | -            |
| 18   | GPIO12 | LEDs      | LEDs, white PWM channel        | -            |
| GND  |        | Ground    | Connected to ground            | -            |
| 20   | GPIO13 | LEDs      | LEDs, red PWM channel          | -            |
| 28   | GPIO9  | SPI       | SPI flash memory               | -            |
| 29   | GPIO10 | SPI       | SPI flash memory               | -            |
| 30   | GPIO11 | SPI       | SPI flash memory               | -            |
| 31   | GPIO6  | SPI       | SPI flash memory               | -            |
| 32   | GPIO7  | SPI       | SPI flash memory               | -            |
| 33   | GPIO8  | SPI       | SPI flash memory               | -            |
| 21   | GPIO15 | -         |                                | IN/OUT (2)   |
| 22   | GPIO2  | ???       | Debug pad, unknown function    | IN/OUT (3)   |
| 23   | GPIO0  | Boot mode | Pull to GND for flashing mode  | -            |
| 24   | GPIO4  | LEDs      | LEDs, master switch 2          | -            |
| 25   | GPIO16 | Front pnl | Front panel interrupt          | -            |
| 27   | GPIO17 | EEPROM    | EEPROM I2C SDA (4)             | -            |
| 34   | GPIO5  | LEDs      | LEDs, blue PWM channel         | -            |
| 35   | GPIO18 | EEPROM    | EEPROM I2C CLK (4)             | -            |
| 38   | GPIO19 | Front pnl | Front panel I2C SCL            | -            |
| N/C  |        |           |                                |              |
| 42   | GPIO21 | Front pnl | Front panel I2C SDA            | -            |
| 40   | GPIO3  | Serial    | Debug pad, RX (flashing, logs) | -            |
| 41   | GPIO1  | Serial    | Debug pad, TX (flashing, logs) | -            |
| 39   | GPIO22 | -         |                                | IN/OUT       |
| 36   | GPIO23 | -         |                                | IN/OUT       |
| GND  |        | Ground    | Connected to ground            | -            |

1. GPIO25 is connected to a 10k pull up resistor. This suggests that it
   might have some function in the lamp, but I have not found that function
   yet. If you find the actual use for this pin, or find that you can indeed
   repurpose it, then please let me know.
1. Beware that GPIO15 outputs a PWM signal at boot. This might make the pin
   less useful for your use case.
1. Often, GPIO2 is used for an on-board LED, but it looks like it is only
   connected to the debug pad here. I think the pin is usable, and that it 
   might only be used for testing purposes in the original firmware.
1. The connected IC, using I2C address 0x10, looks a lot like an EEPROM,
   but this has yet to be confirmed. It uses a decicated I2C bus, separate
   from the I2C bus of the front panel.
   [This picture](images/hardware/IC_on_I2C_GPIO1718.jpg) shows the IC.

For more information on the use of pins on the ESP32 chip, please check out
this [ESP32 pinout reference information](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-pinout-reference-gpios/).


## Front panel

<img src="images/hardware/front_panel.jpg" width="150">

The front panel is a stand-alone component, with its own control chip
(KungFu KF8TS2716). Communication between the ESP32 and the front panel
is done using:

- **An I2C bus**
  - the front panel is the I2C slave, the ESP32 is the I2C master
    (pardon the standard terminology, I am aware of the controversy)
  - the front panel device ID is 0x2C
  - SDA is connected to ESP32 pin GPIO21
  - SCL is connected to ESP32 pin GPIO19
- **An interrupt data line to signal the ESP32 about new events**
  - this line is connected to ESP32 pin GPIO16
  - the default state is HIGH
  - line is pulled LOW for at least 6 ms when a new event is available

Commands can be written to and data can be read from the front panel
component using I2C. The I2C protocol is fairly simple. All read and write
operations uses 6 bytes of data. No register selection is done before
reading or writing.

The interrupt data line is used by the front panel, to signal the ESP32 that
a new button or slider event is available. Further details on this can be
found below.

**Connection to the main board**

The front panel is connected to the main board using a flat cable.
The picture below shows the connector on the main board, including the
functions of the cable pins:

<img src="images/hardware/front_panel_flat_cable_connection.jpg" width="400">

**Writing commands to the front panel**

Commands can be written to the front panel at any time.

The available commands are:

| Command         | Byte sequence to send |
|-----------------|-----------------------|
| TURN PANEL ON   | 02 03 5E 00 64 00 00  |
| TURN PANEL OFF  | 02 03 0C 00 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 1     | 02 03 5E 00 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 2     | 02 03 5F 00 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 3     | 02 03 5F 80 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 4     | 02 03 5F C0 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 5     | 02 03 5F E0 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 6     | 02 03 5F F0 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 7     | 02 03 5F F8 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 8     | 02 03 5F FC 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 9     | 02 03 5F FE 64 00 00  |
| SET LEVEL 10    | 02 03 5F FF 64 00 00  |
| READY FOR EVENT | 01 00 00 00 00 00 01  |

*Note: The `READY FOR EVENT` command is only used when a new event is provided
by the front panel. Information about this command can be found in the next
section.*

**Reading events from the front panel**

The types of events that can occur can be summarized as:

- Touch or release the power button
- Touch or release the color button
- Touch or release the slider at a certain level

Because the front panel is an I2C slave device, it cannot contact the ESP32 via
I2C. Only an I2C master device can initiate communication. Therefore, when the
front panel has a new event available, it will pull down the interrupt line for
a short period of time, to signal the ESP32 about this new event.

*Note that the ESP32 needs to poll the interrupt line at least at 667 Hz to be
able to trustworthy detect the 6 ms signal. Unfortunately, the interrupt line
does not wait for the ESP32 to respond to its signalling. The best way to
handle signals from this line, is to use an actual interrupt handler.*

After detecting this signal, the ESP32 must first write the "READY FOR EVENT"
command (`01 00 00 00 00 00 01`) via I2C to the front panel.

After the front panel has ACK'ed this command, the ESP32 can read 6 bytes,
which will represent the event that occurred.

Here's the mapping for the events and their corresponding byte sequences:

|                 | Touch event          | Release event        |
|-----------------|----------------------|----------------------|
| POWER BUTTON    | 04 04 01 00 01 01 03 | 04 04 01 00 01 02 04 |
| COLOR BUTTON    | 04 04 01 00 02 01 04 | 04 04 01 00 02 02 05 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 1  | 04 04 01 00 03 16 1A | 04 04 01 00 04 16 1B |
| SLIDER LEVEL 2  | 04 04 01 00 03 15 19 | 04 04 01 00 04 15 1A |
| SLIDER LEVEL 3  | 04 04 01 00 03 14 18 | 04 04 01 00 04 14 19 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 4  | 04 04 01 00 03 13 17 | 04 04 01 00 04 13 18 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 5  | 04 04 01 00 03 12 16 | 04 04 01 00 04 12 17 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 6  | 04 04 01 00 03 11 15 | 04 04 01 00 04 11 16 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 7  | 04 04 01 00 03 10 14 | 04 04 01 00 04 10 15 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 8  | 04 04 01 00 03 0F 13 | 04 04 01 00 04 0F 14 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 9  | 04 04 01 00 03 0E 12 | 04 04 01 00 04 0E 13 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 10 | 04 04 01 00 03 0D 11 | 04 04 01 00 04 0D 12 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 11 | 04 04 01 00 03 0C 10 | 04 04 01 00 04 0C 11 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 12 | 04 04 01 00 03 0B 0F | 04 04 01 00 04 0B 10 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 13 | 04 04 01 00 03 0A 0E | 04 04 01 00 04 0A 0F |
| SLIDER LEVEL 14 | 04 04 01 00 03 09 0D | 04 04 01 00 04 09 0E |
| SLIDER LEVEL 15 | 04 04 01 00 03 08 0C | 04 04 01 00 04 08 0D |
| SLIDER LEVEL 16 | 04 04 01 00 03 07 0B | 04 04 01 00 04 07 0C |
| SLIDER LEVEL 17 | 04 04 01 00 03 06 0A | 04 04 01 00 04 06 0B |
| SLIDER LEVEL 18 | 04 04 01 00 03 05 09 | 04 04 01 00 04 05 0A |
| SLIDER LEVEL 19 | 04 04 01 00 03 04 08 | 04 04 01 00 04 04 09 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 20 | 04 04 01 00 03 03 07 | 04 04 01 00 04 03 08 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 21 | 04 04 01 00 03 02 06 | 04 04 01 00 04 02 07 |
| SLIDER LEVEL 22 | 04 04 01 00 03 01 05 | 04 04 01 00 04 01 06 |

**Behavior when more events come in than can be handled**

The front panel does not queue events. When a new event occurs, before the
previous event has be read by the ESP32, the new event will replace the old
event and a new signal is sent over the interrupt line.

The ESP32 can read the last event multiple times. It will not be cleared
by the front panel after reading it.


## Original firmware

Below, I have gathered some of the interesting boot messages from the
original firmware. These messages are logged via the serial interface.

**SPI Flash memory:**
```
boot: SPI Flash RID  : 0xB20B4
boot: SPI Flash  MF  : 0xB4
boot: SPI Flash  ID  : 0x200B
boot: SPI Speed      : 40MHz
boot: SPI Mode       : DIO
boot: SPI Flash Size : 4MB
```

**Partition table:**
```
boot: Partition Table:
boot: ## Label            Usage          Type ST Offset   Length
boot:  0 nvs              WiFi data        01 02 00009000 00004000
boot:  1 otadata          OTA data         01 00 0000d000 00002000
boot:  2 phy_init         RF data          01 01 0000f000 00001000
boot:  3 miio_fw1         OTA app          00 10 00010000 001e0000
boot:  4 miio_fw2         OTA app          00 11 001f0000 001e0000
boot:  5 test             test app         00 20 003d0000 00013000
boot:  6 mfi_p            Unknown data     01 82 003e3000 00001000
boot:  7 factory_nvs      WiFi data        01 02 003e4000 00004000
boot:  8 coredump         Unknown data     01 03 003e8000 00010000
boot:  9 minvs            Unknown data     01 fe 003f8000 00004000
boot: End of partition table
```

**MIIO initialization:**
```
_|      _|  _|_|_|  _|_|_|    _|_|  
_|_|  _|_|    _|      _|    _|    _|
_|  _|  _|    _|      _|    _|    _|
_|      _|    _|      _|    _|    _|
_|      _|  _|_|_|  _|_|_|    _|_|  
08:00:00.200 [I] did=332985470 hostname=MiBedsideLamp2-7651

JENKINS BUILD NUMBER: N/A
BUILD TIME: Sep  5 2019,07:12:39
BUILT BY: N/A
MIIO APP VER: 2.0.6_0030
Setup ID: 95XJ
Getting setup info from factory NVS
MIIO MCU VER: 
MIIO DID: *********
MIIO WIFI MAC: ************
MIIO MODEL: yeelink.light.bslamp2
ARCH TYPE: esp32,0x0000a601
ARCH VER: d178b9b
```

**Network initialized:**
```
[20:27:05]08:00:04.180 [I] miio_net: Wifi station connected
[20:27:05]Registering HomeKit web handlers
[20:27:05]Announcing _hap._tcp mDNS service
```

**Phoning home to the Mijia cloud:**
```
ots: httpdns resolve start failed, -12 (ots_cloud_host_update,850)
otu: Opened.
ots: de.ots.io.mi.com resolved to 3.126.247.75.
ots: ots connect 3.126.247.75::443...
tls: connect to server Mijia Cloud, domain is 3.126.247.75, port is 443.
tls: timeout[100]! mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x6800 (d0_tls_open,369)
tls: timeout[200]! mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x6800 (d0_tls_open,369)
tls: timeout[300]! mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x6800 (d0_tls_open,369)
tls: timeout[400]! mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x6800 (d0_tls_open,369)
ots: Connected.
```


< [Known issues](known_issues.md) | [Index](../README.md) | [Sponsoring](sponsoring.md) >